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Spain, Britain, Eastern Europe, & Scandinavia. Kings of the Asturias, Navarre, Leon, Castile,Aragon, Portugal, Spain, England, Scotland, Ireland,Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Moravia,Croatia, Bohemia, Hungary, and Poland. Introduction. The historically central kingdoms of Francia, besides.

France proper (West Francia), were. Lombardy (or Italy). East Frankish kingdom that became Germany, and. Pope's domain, the Papal States (originally the Romanian Exarchate of Ravenna), centered on Rome. These were all part of the Empire of Charlemagne. Lorraine was only briefly a separate kingdom and then became one of the Stem Duchies of Germany, ultimately to be divided between Germany, France, and the Low Countries. The Periphery of Francia thus means the surrounding kingdoms.

These naturally fall into six groups. Spain. the British Isles, and the. South of Italy, which were all originally parts of the Roman Empire (except for Ireland and northern Scotland). Catholic (and then Protestant) Eastern Europe. Scandinavia, and. Frankish Crusader kingdoms of "Outremer," which came to include the mainland kingdom of Jerusalem, the island kingdom of Cyprus, and the Latin Emperors in Constantinople. Outremer ("across the sea") was a kind of colony, and a temporary one, of Francia.

Mostly Orthodox or Islâmic in faith, it is culturally part of Islam or, in so far as it is recovered from the Islamic Conquest, part of Mediaeval Romania. As such, it is peripheral even to the periphery of Francia.

All the parts of it ended up conquered by the Turks. However, the Franks were there because they remembered that the area had been part of Romania, thought of themselves as the proper heirs of Rome, and were intent on reversing the Islamic Conquest. They had agreed with the Emperor Alexius Comnenus in Constantinople that they would return former Roman possessions. No one really understood this to mean a place like Jerusalem, however, which had been lost for centuries. If it did mean Antioch, which recently had been Roman, even this was disregarded by the first Princes of Antioch. Today within Palestine, we now find the unique Jewish State of Israel, which seeks to undo, not just the Islamic Conquest, but the earlier Roman Conquest of Judaea.

Culturally, the Periphery of Francia is distinguished by the same characteristics detailed for Francia, i. Bishop of Rome, the Pope (now considered the head of the "Catholic Church," although the Orthodox Church of Constantinople. Katholiké), the use of the Latin language and alphabet, etc. Some of these areas seem more peripheral than others. Spain became the center of European power in the 1. Britain in the 1. All the great wars of the 1.

Core of Francia and then drew in the Peripheral states. An exception to all this was when Scandinavia was the center, if not of European power, certainly of the most energetic of European events.

That stretched from the 9th to the 1. Second Dark Age." The Scandinavians of that period, Vikings (then Normans) in the West and Varangians (then Russians) in the East, were still pagan, and their raids and conquests were a threat everywhere in Francia. Watch Chihuahua: The Movie Online Free 2016. Christianization in the 1. Normans and Russians. My sources for all these tables are often given with the specific tables. A discussion of general sources is given under Francia.